When I read about this brain-in-a-dish project I was tickled by the implications and thought of it as a science-fiction-in-real-life item. The story, told in that light, is that scientists have made a mini brain of 40-60 neurons and given it a 12 second memory. That's close enough to have fun imagining the possibilities. As Jeff Toney blogged the other day:
This is amazing. I wonder what the "memory" could be - could be a good subject for a science fiction story.
But as I've been slowly composing (procrastinating) this post, it's taken on a different meaning for me. The experiment isn't so much a mini-brain as a model of brain activity. The idea is that the brain is so complex and its processes are so fast, that researchers have a hard time studying what it's doing. So they took brain cells from a rat embryo from the part of the brain that deals with memory (well, they were cultured cells, so I guess technically "descended" from a rat embryo). Those cells, rather that grow into functioning brain cells inside a rat's head, did so on a little dish, forming the loop networks they're programmed to join.
The researchers then gave them a jolt, and the cells lit up with a "burst of network activity." Because the cells' natural inhibitory response was disabled, the split second activity lasted 12 seconds. To me that sounds more like a seizure than a memory, but the question of how to characterize it is sort of the point. At what point, definitionally, do signals become memories or thoughts? One of the ways to get to that answer is to build a model like the one in this experiment to study the signal itself. And after last week's segment on the politicization of personhood, what makes this even more amazing to me is not just whether that signal is a memory, but whether a memory requires a "who" to have it.
Even the briefest of searches on cognition and personhood reveals a can of worms that I'm probably better off not opening here, but really, can you imagine breaking down the brain's functions into isolated signal networks and then trying to figure out which and how many of those are necessary to make "you"?
I send signals through networked loops of cultured hippocampus cells, therefore I am?






That might be one of those "Mobius arguments," Will...
Beautiful photo.
Ummmmmm. Doughnut.
And maybe in its 12 seconds it imagined this: TRMS has gotten a Television Critics Award Nomination. Just now, more or less.
Yeah, doughnut. Could easily be one from the Doughnut Plant.
There's a Sarah Palin joke in this story, somewhere...
As in, no longer needs to write on hand?
Q: What did Sarah Palin's right brain say to her left brain?
A: Sarah Palin has a left brain?
Um, insult to the right-brainers... so that leaves us with--- : )
Scientists were surprised to find that despite it being little more than a few clumps of neurons with a 12 second memory it was still more knowledgeable about Paul Revere than Sarah Palin.
"The story, told in that light, is that scientists have made a mini brain of 40-60 neurons and given it a 12 second memory."
And that is a lot more neurons than some people have in their brains.
Paging Jill Bolte Taylor?
http://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_s_powerful_stroke_of_insight.html
Magnificent, Fran! I wish every human being who does not experience the true wonder of being human could see this presentation. While honoring all of the great technological breakthroughs science has give us, they are pale in comparison to what is the human nervous system. Lucky me, I get to see this miraculous system of systems at work every day. It is jaw-dropping and so is this video!
(And, as a physical therapist, I am in awe of the skills of her rehab team and the kind of work she has had to do to recover her life and profession. Thank you for the link. I would hate to have missed this.)
That was truly amazing. I have never seen a more interesting and telling seminar ever. It makes me wonder if there is a common shut down mechanism that the body goes through that starts with the left brain when a person is dying, regardless of the cause of death.
Her book is even better: Look for My Stroke of Insight. Easy read, but rich like a good dessert.
She had an NDE/NDE-like experience. Refreshing to see these experiences are becoming more accepted and commonplace. Used to be you could be institutionalized/drugged for this. Now people, thank God, are more open. I used to attend IANDS meetings where two people each month would share their experiences. It was more inspirational than going to church, comforting, solacing. One who experiences this is said to have forever had their train leave the tracks. There is no going back. The experience is life-altering and undeniable.
I experienced similar things with my NDE-like experience when I was 22. My entire body was vibrant, full of light and alive (electric/throbbing, pulsing). I was transformed. I became significantly more right-brained. The eminent theme was love.
The following from IANDS.org (International Association of Near Death Studies):
Definition of an NDE
A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound psychological event that may occur to a person close to death or, if not near death, in a situation of physical or emotional crisis. Because it includes transcendental and mystical elements, an NDE is a powerful event of consciousness; it is not mental illness. 1
Whether happening "truly near death" or under benign circumstances, the near-death experience contains powerful images and emotions, usually of peace and love though sometimes terror, despair, guilt. An NDE may include an out-of-body experience and vivid perceptions of movement, light, darkness; encounters with deceased loved ones, unfamiliar entities and/or spiritual presences; sometimes a life review, a landscape, a sense of overpowering knowledge and purpose. The aftereffects of an NDE or related experience are enduring, often powerful, and may be life-altering.
The NDE belongs to a larger family of experiences that go beyond the usual limits of space and time and can transform a person's life and beliefs. They may be called spiritually transformative, conversion, mystical, religious, or transpersonal experiences.
One-fourth of the 800 people who have submitted an account of their experience to the IANDS online NDE archivesreported they were not close to death or clinically dead at the time. Instead, they were in emotionally intense situations, praying or meditating, sleeping, or in ordinary states of consciousness when this phenomenon occurred. IANDS refers to these as "near-death-like experiences" or NDLEs. Seventy-five percent of those who sent their accounts had a sense of being close to death, were in a life-threatening situation, or believed they were clinically dead.2
Aftereffects of Near-death States
Pattern of Aftereffects
Around eighty percent of the people who experienced near-death states claimed that their lives were forever changed by what happened to them. On closer examination, though, a pattern of surprising dimensions emerged. Experiencers were not returning with just a renewed zest for life and a more spiritual outlook. They were evidencing specific psychological and physiological differences on a scale never before faced by them. And this was true with child experiencers, as well as with teenagers and adults.
Various researchers have attempted to profile these changes over the years. Even without the necessary funding to do clinical studies, most feel that enough research has been done to justify acknowledging the aftereffects pattern and making information about it available. Knowing what is typical for experiencers should help to alleviate any worry or confusion not only for the individual involved—but for family and friends, as well as health-care professionals and the community at-large.
The pattern of aftereffects from near-death states can best be understood if considered under the separate headings of major characteristics of psychological and physiological changes. Details and explanations follow:
Major Characteristics of Psychological Changes
Loss of the fear of death, more spiritual and less religious, easily engage in abstract thinking, more philosophical, can go through various bouts with depression, more generous and charitable than before, form expansive concepts of love while at the same time challenged to initiate and maintain satisfying relationships, "inner child" or unresolved issues from childhood tend to surface, less competitive, convinced of a life purpose, rejection of previous limitations in life and "normal" role-playing, heightened sensations of taste-touch-texture-smell, increased intuitive/psychic abilities plus the ability to know or "re-live" the future, charismatic, a child-like sense of wonder and joy, less stressed, more detached and objective, can continue to dissociate or "separate" from the body, easily absorbed ("merge into" whatever is focused on), hunger for knowledge and learning, highly curious.
Major Characteristics of Physiological Changes
Altered thought-processing (switch from sequential/ selective thinking to clustered thinking: thoughts bunch together/ideas pop up), comfortable with ambiguity, heightened intelligence, more creative and inventive, unusual sensitivity to light and sound, substantially more or less energy (even energy surges in body, ofttimes more sexual), reversal of body clock, lower blood pressure, accelerated metabolic and substance absorption rates (decreased tolerance of pharmaceuticals and chemically treated products), often turn to alternative healthcare treatments, electrical sensitivity, synesthesia (multiple sensing), increased allergies or sensitivities, can possess ability to heal, a preference for more vegetables and grains (less of meat), physically younger looking (before and after photos can differ).
Aftereffects cannot be faked. Nor can you hide your response to the way they affect you (whether you realize what you are doing or not).
You may be able to delay their onset or lessen the impact they have, but you cannot pretend away the complex and life-altering potential they bring.
Irrespective of any drama brought on by near-death states, what happens afterward is where true value and real meaning are established.
Helpful Notes
It is possible to have near-death-like experiences without the threat of impending physical death. Children, for instance, can have death dreams that are unusually powerful. Adults can emerge unscathed from mishap, or find themselves slipping into a different meditative state, only to discover later on "they have changed." If a genuine case, the individual will exhibit the same pattern of aftereffects as a near-death experiencer.
Adjusting to the aftereffects takes time. The first three years tend to be the most confusing, almost as if the individual isn't "fully back." Experiencers and their families are urged to attend or start a local IANDS group, and to read the following books for indepth research studies about aftereffects.
From Illuminating the Afterlife: Your Soul's Journey Through the Worlds Beyond by Cyndi Dale:
...continued:
And from Tom Kenyon:
Ack. Nice of you to post an entire web page in response to my mention of something tangentially related to your topic.
Could you maybe post a link next time?
You're very welcome. I agree, the content is amazing. I just love this stuff. And, no, I'm not special enough to post links yet. But if you Google "Tom Kenyon" --or, tomkenyon*dot*com-- and then click the "Hathors" link, you'll find the article on "Transition States of Consciousness."
Oh, and here's another you'll find fabulous that dovetails with the Kenyon piece:
Open up the page you want to make a link TO, right click on the address bar at the top of your browser on that page, select COPY. Close page. Open page you want to post link ON. Put cursor where you want the link to go, Right Click, select PASTE. Link is posted.
I can't tell you how many years it took me to learn that.
oh, I thought posting a link was a blog privilege. I will try it now:
Guess it's still a blog privilege!
Open mic designated threads accept links. I think you need to otherwise need to get permission from Newsvine. Does anyone know? Could linking privileges be extended to Evolutional?
Your best bet would be you get something linked on open-mic, and then try elsewhere after you've gotten it. Its a guess. Can anyone advise better?
It's not even supposed to need the open-mic tag anymore, but I think if your login is brand new you can't post links. I'm not sure what the time period is. In the meantime, inserting spaces defeats the filter (it's just for blocking spam bots).
Evolution, I wasn't thanking you. At all. It is selfish and self-aggrandizing of you to attempt to make THIS blog into YOUR blog.
If you're gonna comment on something, could you just speak, and not try to promote your book or blog or whatever-it-is you've got to sell?
Wow, Fran, I could nail you to the wall on your feckless, insecure, little comments, but I choose not to. G'day. : )
**Oh, and thanks for your endorsement of My Stroke of Insight; while I file that away, perhaps you need a rereading.
-- Albert Einstein
I have been intensivly studying decisionmaking for the last few years. It's the 'can of worms' issue that fascinates me. The problem cuts across so many scientific domains and doesn't gain much coherence from any of them.
However the research is astounding. Functional MRI has led to the idea that it is the cross connection between the regions of the brain that produces cognitive thought.
The following link is a talk from TED by a bleeding edge researcher in an area that didn't even exist a few years back. It is amazing.
I'll try again for the link
The other TED link about Jill Bolt Taylor is very cool also and aproaches the problem from a 'unique' perspective.
I apparently have pissed off the link gods so here is a google search for the video;
Sebastian Seung: I am my connectome
Wowzer........40 to 60 neurons on Monday, who knows how many by Friday. These neurons lit up for 12 seconds......will it be sixty seconds on Friday. This is amazing research and the potential for humanity is without horizon. My brain has gone into overdrive thinking of people who have alzheimer's, parkinson's, etc. What are the implications of this research on treatment for all kinds of ills. Memory is a fascinating subject, we have genetic illnesses passed from generation to generation, why not genetic memory. Do we need a "who" to have a memory? I don't know, but I do know that animals have genetic generational memory so why should it stop there. Keep going, if you can imagine it, it will come. I imagine cold fusion, I know it will come.........
Twelve second memory, huh. Must be a future republican voter.
a 12-second memory??
wow! that's better than most Republicans, better than all teapartyists.
;)
can't help thinking of Ellen Degeneres' amazing performance as Dory in "Finding Nemo", too. :P
This is the coolest thing I've seen since the talk about copying the connectome of a flatworm.
If anyone here's not seen the TED talks on Youtube, or the Khan Academy. Check 'em out. You're guaranteed to find at least one thing that will make you go Wow!
P.S. points for the first person to make a Frankenstein joke.
It's alive, Alive!
Tim Pawlenty is said to be seeking the cultured embryonic rat brains he needs to survive the Iowa caucuses.
The pictures remind me of fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resoance Imagery)
With fMRI you can track blood flow changes in response to stimuli. For instance the subject can be asked to solve math problems and the fMRI shows what parts of the brain the blood flows to.
One area of interest is lie detection. They are studying people as they lie with the idea of being able to recognize the brain patterns when a person is lying. This could result in a type of high tech waterboarding that may actualy return valid information without torture.
I went to school in the 70's and it was all guesses as far as the brain went. Now we can see people think.
12 seconds......hmm....
"Hi! I'm Tom!"
Whatever you say, Mr. Femia, but if those cultured cells wink at me and say something suggestive, I'll have to call for your resignation.
This is for mad scientist doctors what the microchip was for computer programmers. A brave new world dawns.
I like where you were going with this. Of course, a tree that falls in the woods and no one is there to perceive the sound does not make a sound right? So, to perceive this memory we need a perceiver. This is the great mystery. It cannot be explained in physical terms. I believe it is like an eye ball trying to see itself. It's not meant to be seen. It just is..As Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj says, "I Am That"
when Descartes said "I think therefore I am" he actually got it backwards. I am therefore I think.
Great article. Thank you for your thoughtful contributions to my blog on "Growing a Brain in a Dish." See "How Rachel Maddow's Brain Outblogged Me" http://scienceblogs.com/deanscorner/2011/06/how_rachel_maddows_brain_outbl.php
Thank you for your thoughtful contribution about my earlier blog "Growing a Brain in a Dish." See "How Rachel Maddow's Brain Outblogged Me" http://scienceblogs.com/deanscorner/2011/06/how_rachel_maddows_brain_outbl.php
I say this for mad scientists everywhere:
"BWA-HA-HA-HA-HA!"